Immigrant voter turnout and time: Does period of arrival matter more than length of stay?

Research shows that the longer immigrants have been in their settlement country, more likely they are to vote. This study examines whether when arrived, rather than how long resided, is critical determinant of electoral participation. Using Canadian data covering a 45-year time span, this demonstrates apparent relationship between immigrants' length residence and propensity vote elections result enduring influence historical period which arrived Canada. The results implications for researchers interpret immigrant adaptation new political settings.